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Estate Planning Guide

State-by-State Will Requirements

While Australian Will laws share common principles, each state and territory has its own legislation with specific requirements. Here's what you need to know.

Last updated: January 2025 | 18 min read

Universal Requirements (All States)

Before diving into state-specific details, here are the core requirements that apply across all Australian jurisdictions:

Age: 18+ years (or married)
Capacity: Sound mind (testamentary capacity)
Format: In writing (typed or handwritten)
Signature: Signed by the testator at the end
Witnesses: Two adult witnesses present together
Independence: Witnesses should not be beneficiaries
πŸ”΅

New South Wales

Governing Legislation:

Succession Act 2006 (NSW)

Key Points

  • Informal Wills: Section 8 allows the court to admit documents that don't meet formal requirements if satisfied they represent the deceased's testamentary intentions.
  • Marriage Revocation: Marriage revokes an existing Will unless made in contemplation of that marriage.
  • Divorce Effect: Divorce revokes gifts to former spouse and their appointment as executor (they're treated as predeceased).
  • Family Provision: Eligible persons can make a claim under Chapter 3 if not adequately provided for.

Eligible Claimants for Family Provision

  • Spouse (including de facto)
  • Children (including adopted and step-children in certain circumstances)
  • Former spouse
  • Dependant grandchildren
  • Members of the household who were wholly or partly dependent
  • Persons in a close personal relationship
πŸ”·

Victoria

Governing Legislation:

Wills Act 1997 (Vic) & Administration and Probate Act 1958 (Vic)

Key Points

  • Informal Wills: Section 9 allows the court to dispense with formal requirements if satisfied the document embodies testamentary intentions.
  • Marriage Revocation: Marriage revokes an existing Will unless made in contemplation of that marriage.
  • Divorce Effect: Divorce revokes appointments and gifts to former spouse.
  • Statutory Will: The Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT) can authorise a statutory Will for a person who lacks testamentary capacity.

Unique Features

  • VCAT can make or alter Wills for people without capacity
  • Strong provisions for de facto partners
  • Time limit for family provision claims: 6 months from grant of probate
πŸ”΄

Queensland

Governing Legislation:

Succession Act 1981 (Qld)

Key Points

  • Informal Wills: Section 18 provides broad discretion to admit informal documents expressing testamentary intentions.
  • Marriage Revocation: Marriage revokes existing Will unless made in contemplation of marriage.
  • Divorce Effect: Divorce revokes provisions for former spouse.
  • Handwritten Wills: Queensland recognises informal handwritten (holographic) Wills more readily than some other states.

Family Provision Claims

Under Part 4 of the Succession Act, eligible claimants include:

  • Spouse (including de facto)
  • Children (of any age)
  • Dependants (persons dependent on deceased for support)

Queensland Note

Queensland has more restrictive family provision rules than NSW or Victoria. Only spouses, children, and dependants can claimβ€”not stepchildren or members of the household unless they meet the dependency test.

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Western Australia

Governing Legislation:

Wills Act 1970 (WA) & Family Provision Act 1972 (WA)

Key Points

  • Informal Wills: Section 32 allows the court to admit informal documents.
  • Marriage Revocation: Marriage revokes existing Will unless made in contemplation.
  • Divorce Effect: Divorce revokes gifts and appointments to former spouse.
  • De Facto Recognition: De facto partners have similar rights to married spouses.

Unique Features

  • Separate Family Provision Act (not part of the main Wills Act)
  • Claims must be made within 6 months of probate
  • Courts consider the size of the estate and claimant's financial position
πŸ”Ά

South Australia

Governing Legislation:

Succession Act 2023 (SA) (from 1 Jan 2025)

Key Points

  • Informal Wills: The Succession Act 2023 (SA) lets the court admit a document that doesn't meet the formal requirements if it expresses the deceased's testamentary intentions, but SA is generally stricter than other states.
  • Marriage Effect: Marriage automatically revokes a Will in SA unless it was made in contemplation of that marriage (the universal rule).
  • Divorce Effect: Divorce revokes provisions for former spouse.

SA Law Update

South Australia was historically the exception, but the Succession Act 2023 (SA) β€” in force from 1 January 2025 β€” brought SA into line with the rest of the country. Marriage (and entering a registered relationship) now automatically revokes your Will unless it was made in contemplation of that marriage or relationship. Make a new Will after marriage to ensure your spouse is provided for.

Family Provision

Family provision is now governed by the Succession Act 2023 (SA), which replaced the Inheritance (Family Provision) Act 1972 from 1 January 2025. Spouses, domestic partners and children can apply; step-children, former partners, grandchildren, parents and siblings can claim only where they can show genuine need (such as dependency on, or care for, the deceased). The time limit is 6 months from the grant of probate.

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Tasmania

Governing Legislation:

Wills Act 2008 (Tas)

Key Points

  • Informal Wills: Section 10 allows the court to dispense with execution requirements.
  • Marriage Revocation: Marriage revokes existing Will unless made in contemplation.
  • Divorce Effect: Divorce revokes appointments and gifts to former spouse.
  • Modern Legislation: Tasmania's 2008 Act is one of the most recently updated in Australia.

Notable Provisions

  • Clear provisions for electronic Wills in certain circumstances
  • Comprehensive definition of testamentary capacity
  • Family provision claims under the Testator's Family Maintenance Act 1912
⭐

Australian Capital Territory

Governing Legislation:

Wills Act 1968 (ACT) & Family Provision Act 1969 (ACT)

Key Points

  • Informal Wills: Section 11A allows the court to admit informal documents.
  • Marriage Effect: Marriage automatically revokes a Will in the ACT under section 20 of the Wills Act 1968 (ACT). The contemplation-of-marriage exception applies only where the Will expressly states it.
  • Divorce Effect: Divorce revokes gifts and appointments to former spouse.

ACT Marriage Note

Under section 20 of the Wills Act 1968 (ACT), marriage automatically revokes your Will. The only exception is where the Will expressly states it was made in contemplation of that marriage (a civil union or civil partnership has the same effect). Make a new Will after marriage to reflect your changed circumstances.

Family Provision

Eligible claimants include spouses, children, parents, and persons who were wholly or partly maintained by the deceased.

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Northern Territory

Governing Legislation:

Wills Act 2000 (NT) & Family Provision Act 1970 (NT)

Key Points

  • Informal Wills: Section 10 allows the court to dispense with formal requirements.
  • Marriage Revocation: Marriage revokes existing Will unless made in contemplation.
  • Divorce Effect: Divorce revokes provisions for former spouse.

Special Considerations

  • Aboriginal customary law may interact with succession law in some circumstances
  • Remote locations may require special consideration for execution and witnessing
  • Family provision claims must be made within 12 months of death

Quick Comparison Table

State Marriage Revokes Will? Informal Wills? Family Provision Deadline
NSW Yes Yes (s.8) 12 months from death
Victoria Yes Yes (s.9) 6 months from probate
Queensland Yes Yes (s.18) 9 months from death
WA Yes Yes (s.32) 6 months from probate
SA Yes Yes (limited) 6 months from probate
Tasmania Yes Yes (s.10) 3 months from probate
ACT Yes Yes (s.11A) 6 months from probate
NT Yes Yes (s.10) 12 months from death

Frequently Asked Questions

Are Will requirements different in each Australian state?
Yes, each state and territory has its own Wills legislation. However, core requirements are similar: testator must be 18+ (or married), of sound mind, Will must be in writing, signed by the testator, and witnessed by two independent adult witnesses.
Is my Will valid if I move to a different state?
Generally yes. A Will validly executed in one state is typically recognised in other states. However, it's advisable to review your Will after moving interstate to ensure it aligns with local laws.
What is an 'informal Will' in Australia?
An informal Will is a document that doesn't meet all formal requirements but the court may accept if satisfied it represents the deceased's testamentary intentions. This might include unsigned documents, handwritten notes, or even text messages. All states have provisions for informal Wills.
Does marriage revoke my Will in all states?
In every Australian state and territory, marriage automatically revokes your existing Will unless it was made in contemplation of that marriage. South Australia was historically the exception, but the Succession Act 2023 (SA) β€” in force from 1 January 2025 β€” brought it into line, so marriage (and registered relationships) now revoke a Will in SA too. In the ACT, the contemplation exception must be expressly stated in the Will.

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